Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a relatively rapid, straightforward and nonperturbing technique for studying the thermotropic phase behavior of hydrated lipid dispersions & of reconstituted lipid models or biological membranes. However, because of the diversity of lipid thermotropic phase behavior, data-acquisition and data-analysis protocols must be modified according to the nature of the phase transition. The information content of DSC thermograms is affected by the nature of the lipid phase transition. A wide variety of temperature-induced transitions in biological systems may be possible by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This includes processes, such as thermal unfolding (denaturation) of proteins, lipid membrane phase transitions, nucleic acid melting & so forth.

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is the study of signals in a digital representation and of the processing methods of these signals. Examples of digital signals include speech in mobile phones, digital audio in CDs & mp3-players, biomedical imaging in digital tomography, images & video in digital cameras, and measurement signals in different industrial devices. Digital signal processing is useful in situations where the physical world and computers meet, which means that there are lot of applications & new ones will emerge as the methods used in the field are developed. Digital signal processing technique has been applied on the genomic data sequences in order to identify and compare DNA & protein sequences of Eucalyptus grandis to the other available higher plant plastomes.