Molecules that consist of both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic part are called amphiphiles (amphi = both). Amphiphile molecules orientate their domain with the highest affinity for the solvent toward that solvent, while the other part of the molecule turns to avoid contact with the solvent. In this way amphiphilic molecules align according to well-defined patterns and give rise to pluriform aggregates. The shape of the aggregates is determined by the ratio between the size of the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic part as well as the nature of the solvent. The washing property of soap is based on amphiphiles that interfere between water and (fatty) dirt. Amphiphiles also form the main part of the cell membranes that serves to delimit and protect cellular compartments

Due to the large number of hydroxyl groups in the cyclodextrin molecule (18, 21 and 24 hydroxyl groups in ?-cyclodextrin, ?-cyclodextrin and ?-cyclodextrin respectively), the number of possible derivatives of natural cyclodextrins is very high. The hydroxyl groups can be converted to different functional groups in a variety of ways. In the production of methylated cyclodextrins, the degree of substitution can be controlled via the choice of reaction conditions. The scientific name heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl) ?-cyclodextrin describes the cyclodextrin derivative in which the hydroxyl groups at carbon atoms 2 and 6 have been replaced by methoxy groups. The name of this derivative can be abbreviated to dimethyl-?-cyclodextrin. Similarly, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl) ?-cyclodextrin is the fully methylated cyclodextrin derivative otherwise known as trimethyl-?-cyclodextrin. The introduction of the methyl groups increases water solubility until 2/3rds of the hydroxyl groups have been substituted. If the methylation continues, the product then becomes less water-soluble again. However, even trimethyl-?-cyclodextrin is more soluble than natural ?-cyclodextrin

A liquid or gas added to a mixture to promote dispersion or to maintain dispersed particles in suspension. A dispersant or plasticizer is a liquid or gas added to a mixture to promote dispersion or to maintain dispersed particles in suspension. Also, a dispersant is a compound consisting of a surfactant and a solvent, sprayed to dissipate oil slicks. Dispersants are continuously sought which have higher fluidity under adverse storage conditions because of their ease of handling. Furthermore, dispersants are also sought which are capable of dispersing higher amounts of particulate solids such as pigments in an organic liquid medium and which result in paints and inks which exhibit superior properties such as improved gloss

A desiccant is a hygroscopic substance that induces or sustains a state of dryness (desiccation) in its local vicinity in a moderately-well sealed container.Commonly encountered pre-packaged desiccants are solids, and work through absorption or adsorption of water, or a combination of the two. Desiccants for specialised purposes may be in forms other than solid, and may work through other principles, such as chemical bonding of water molecules. Pre-packaged desiccant is most commonly used to remove excessive humidity that would normally degrade or even destroy products sensitive to moisture. Silica gel, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, montmorillonite clay, and molecular sieves are commonly used as desiccants

Epigallocatechin gallate possess the most potent antioxidant activity of the catechins. Epigallocatechin gallate may provide health effects by protecting our cells from oxidative damage from free radicals. A number of chronic disease have been associated with free radical damage, including cancer, arteriosclerosis, heart diseases and accelerated aging. Epigallocatechin gallate interferes with many enzyme systems: it inhibits fast-binding and reversible fatty acid synthase, increases tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, activation of ornithine decarboxylase. Epigallocatechin gallate can protect the DNA in the human cells from ultraviolet and visible radiation-induced damage.Epigallocatechin gallate may be effective in promoting fat oxidation and lowering body weight.

Fetuin, a glycoprotein present in the circulation, is synthesized by hepatocytes. The fetuin molecule consists of two polypeptide chains, which are both cleaved from a proprotein encoded from a single mRNA. The protein is commonly present in the cortical plate of the immature cerebral cortex and bone marrow hemopoietic matrix. Its function of inhibiting soft tissue calcification is achieved by forming a soluble colloidal microsphere of fetuin-calcium-phosphate complex in the blood stream. It has the highest capacity in inhibiting soft tissue calcification among all other molecules in the circulation. It is the most important and major calcification regulating protein in the circulation.

Fibronectin is a large multidomain glycoprotein found in connective tissue, on cell surfaces, and in plasma and other body fluids . It interacts with a variety of macromolecules including components of the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, circulating components of the blood clotting, fibrinolytic, acute phase and complement systems, and with cell-surface receptors on a variety of cells including fibroblasts, neurons, phagocytes and bacteria. Fibronectin also interacts with itself, forming fibrillar entities whose structure is poorly understood. In addition, it reportedly binds several small molecules such as gangliosides, sugars, and Ca ions. These diverse recognition functions are located on distinct fragments or domains, many of which have been expressed in recombinant form or isolated from proteolytic digests with retention of specific binding properties Fibronectin is involved in many cellular processes, including tissue repair, embryogenesis.