Computational technologies are used to accelerate or fully automate the processing, quantification and analysis of large amounts of high-information-content biomedical imagery. Modern image analysis systems augment an observer's ability to make measurements from a large or complex set of images, by improving accuracy, objectivity or speed. A fully developed analysis system may completely replace the observer. Although these systems are not unique to biomedical imagery, biomedical imaging is becoming more important for both diagnostics and research. Some examples are high-throughput and high-fidelity quantification & sub-cellular localization, morphometrics, clinical image analysis & visualization, infrared measurements for metabolic activity determination. Image analysis related techniques (like wavelet) have also been found useful in bioinformatics problems, such as sequence analysis. The potential of mining the information in bioimages to answer biological questions is enormous and it cries for advanced techniques of bioimage data mining & informatics

Bioimaging is the application of microscopy to the study of cells and organisms. Knowledge of bioimaging techniques is now essential in many types of biological and biomedical research. With the development of advanced imaging techniques, the number of biological images (like cellular and molecular images, as well as medical images) acquired in digital forms is growing rapidly. Large-scale bioimage databases are becoming available. Analyzing these images sheds new light for biologists to seek answers to many biological problems. For example, analysis of the spatial distribution of proteins in molecular images can differentiate cancer cell phenotypes. Comparison of in situ gene expression pattern images during embryogenesis helps to delineate the underlying gene networks

Image processing techniques are widely used in analysing biological images, including images of microarrays and two-dimensional electrophoresis gels from which gene & protein expression levels can be measured. Electron microscopy allows the study of cells and tissues at magnification & resolution well beyond those possible by light microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy is used to investigate the surface structure of biological specimens. Image analysis and handling techniques are necessary for dealing with the large amount of data generated by microscopy techniques.The overview of such techniques will give you the background you need to help design your research project. CT or Computerized Tomography refers to a diagnostic imaging technique which uses X-rays and a computer to view organs & other features inside the body. It is a method of examining body organs by scanning them with X- rays and using a computer to construct a three-dimensional image of that structure. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) refers to a non-invasive nuclear procedure for imaging tissues of high fat and water content that cannot be seen with other radiological techniques

Recombinant DNA technology has opened new horizons in the study of gene function and the regulation of gene action. In particular, the ability to insert genes and their controlling nucleic acid sequences into new recipient organisms allows for the manipulation of these genes in order to examine their activity in unique environments, away from the constraints posed in their normal host. Genetic transformation normally is achieved easily with microorganisms; new genetic material may be inserted into them, either into their chromosomes or into extrachromosomal elements, the plasmids. Thus, virus can be created to metabolize specific products or to produce new products witch is called bioenginnered virus.

Bio-Fertilizers are natural fertilizers which are microbial inoculants of bacteria, algae, fungi alone or in combination and they augment the availability of nutrients to the plants. These broadly include the nitrogen fixers (symbiotic & nonsymbiotic bacteria), phosphate solubilizing fungi and bacteria & the mycorrhizal fungi that are capable of mobilizing nonlabile nutrients from soil & transporting them to & across plant roots. So far, emphasis has been given only to certain types of biofertilizers, such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Usually carrier materials, such as peat, lignite, peat soil, humus, wood charcoal or similar material favoring the growth of microorganisms is used. However, in practice a large variety of microbial inoculants are available and being used as biofertilizers. These include Azolla, Trichoderma, Frankia and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM). A point to consider before using biofertilisers produced by commercial units is the issue of using microorganisms native to another area or region. It is possible to isolate the required species of microorganisms from a farm's soil and mass produce them. Besides allowing a better chance of survival of the organism(s) used, this ensures that local species of microorganisms alone are used. There are a few crude (but fairly effective), as well as standard laboratory procedures for isolation and mass production of biofertilisers.

Biopesticides are types of pesticides derived from natural materials, such as microbes, principally viruses, bacteria and fungi. The biopesticide that is registered for use in West Africa derives from a fungus that is a specific pathogen of locusts and grasshoppers. It specifically targets those insects and does not affect non-target organisms. Biological control is an important component of integrated pest and pathogen management. Endophyticmicrobes, fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, plant-derived compounds are all identified & characterized for use as biocontrol agents against a wide range of pathogens and pests attacking various crops. Biopesticides developed and currently made commercially available in collaborative projects with the private sector include, Biocanii, based on a strain of the fungus Verticillium lecanii for the control of whiteflies & thrips on flowers, beans, avocado, cotton, onion, citrus, asparagus, papaya, tomatoes & other horticultural crops, Biorhizium, based on two strains of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of various insects, such as spittlebugs in pastures, Biovirus, based on a baculovirus & used for the control of cassava hornworm & Ecoswing®,.a biofungicide formulated from extracts of the plant swinglia (Swinglia glutinosa).

Peptides are short proteins formed by a chain consisting of 50 or less amino acids The term bioactive peptides is used to identify molecules of peptidic nature or origin which display a biological behaviour or activity which can be developed at the industrial level for pharmaceutical, diagnostic, chemical and agro-food applications. In this way it is possible to obtain modified peptides with superior properties for therapeutic applications. The great advantage of using modified peptides instead of classical peptidomimetics is a very high bioavailability, a long lasting activity in vivo, and limited toxicity. Beside this, the costs for setting-up the synthetic strategy are quite low, when compared to those of setting-up stereo-specific synthetic routs. Examples include various forms of peptides such as galanin, peptide YY, neuropeptide Y, secretin, cholecystokinin, insulin-like peptides, LEAP-2, and a number of others .